The estimates found on this site and in the Tarisio catalogue have been determined by Tarisio's specialists and are based upon authorship, condition, quality of example, rarity, and provenance. Estimates are intended to reflect past auction prices and current market trends.

Many of the lots in this auction are offered for sale subject to a reserve. The reserve is a confidential minimum price, agreed upon by both Tarisio and the consignor, below which such lot will not be sold. Although the exact amount of the reserve is confidential, in no case will the reserve be greater than the low estimate.

The following terminology is used to describe quality, significance, and rarity:

• Fine: of exceptional materials and/or workmanship
• Important: of historically significant provenance or authorship
• Good: of good quality materials and workmanship
• Rare: a work of high quality that is unique or unusual or difficult to find
• Interesting: a work that invites speculation but lacks a definite attribution

Authorship is described in the following ways:

• By Antonio Stradivari: The authors of this catalog believe in their best judgment that this work was made by this maker and guarantee it to be so.
• Attributed to Antonio Stradivari: A work believed to be by this maker by popular consensus or past opinion, but not necessarily by the authors of this catalog.
• Ascribed to Antonio Stradivari: A work believed to be by this maker in the opinion of the authors of the accompanying certificates or letters, but not necessarily by the authors of this catalog.
• Probably (or possibly) by Antonio Stradivari: A work about which there is divided opinion.
• Workshop of Antonio Stradivari: A work executed in the style of this maker most probably under his supervision and with his involvement.
• School of Antonio Stradivari: The work of a follower of the maker stated.
• Labeled (or stamped, branded) Antonio Stradivari: An instrument not necessarily the work of the maker stated but bearing the maker's label or stamp.

The following terms are used to refer to the condition of the instruments and bows at the time at which they are offered for sale. Condition reports are provided as a service to bidders and although they are prepared as accurately as possible in no way do they express or imply warranties of any kind on the part of Tarisio. Bidders should be sure to carefully examine items before bidding and request detailed condition statements if necessary. Please note that condition reports are not supplied for bows. If a bow is broken, has significant flaws or defects, or has been substantially repaired, this is noted in the catalog.

• Mint: Showing little cosmetic damage or wear to the instrument.
• Excellent: Slightly worn or bearing small insignificant repairs.
• Good: Worn or bearing evidence of cracks or repair to the instrument.
• Fair: Bearing evidence of significant cracks and repair. Usually indicates a sound post crack in the back.
• Restorable: Bearing damage or cracks in need of restoration. Generally not in playing condition.

If a lot is to be sold with certificates of authenticity, letters, or other documents, this is noted in the catalog description before the estimate amounts. The dates of old certificates and papers are noted in the catalog; those of contemporary certificates are not. When a lot indicates "sold with a certificate to be issued by..." the named expert has seen the lot and will issue a certificate to the successful bidder at no charge. When it is noted, "certificate available from..." this indicates that a certificate of authenticity can be purchased for a certain fee to be arranged directly with the named expert.

Bidders are reminded that a buyer's premium equal to fifteen percent (15%) of the total purchase price up to and including seventy thousand dollars ($70,000), plus ten percent (10%) of the total purchase price over seventy thousand dollars ($70,000) will be added to the final bid price.

Purchases made by residents of New York State or purchases collected in person at Tarisio's offices will be assessed a state sales tax of 8.625% unless the purchaser presents a valid resale certificate at the time of purchase.

Before the auction, there will be two public viewings where the lots from the sale will be displayed. Musicians are encouraged to play the instruments and bows during the viewings. In addition to the scheduled viewings, appointments can be made to view the instruments at Tarisio's New York or Boston offices. Some larger items (as noted in the catalog) will not be viewed at the public viewing location and may be viewed by appointment in Tarisio's New York office.

Tarisio's online catalog provides high-resolution color reference photographs and descriptions of all lots in this sale. Instruments are displayed at a maximum resolution of 1500 x 2500. The online catalog is available approximately three weeks before the sale.

Several days before the first viewing, a number of lots added to the sale after publication of the catalog will be added to the web catalog. The late addition lots will be listed in an addendum distributed at the viewing and may be viewed both at the viewing and online.

For a limited time following the sale, Tarisio will refund the purchase price of any item sold that is later discovered not to be by the maker specified in Tarisio's catalogue. For further information, please review the Terms and Conditions of Sale

Bidders must read and agree to the posted Terms and Conditions of Sale before registering or bidding.

All bidders must register before placing bids in this sale. Bidders are encouraged to register online but those with difficulty or no access to the internet may register by phoning 1.212.307.7224. Bidders who have registered for past Tarisio sales do not need to re-register. However, it is the bidder's responsibility to keep his or her registration information and preferences up to date and correct. To make changes to an existing registration, choose Edit registration from the auction menu. There is a $1.00 charge to register. To register online, bidders should select the register button on the auction section of Tarisio's website. On our secure server, registrants will be asked to choose a Bidder Id. The Bidder Id will be visible to others browsing the site and should not identify the bidder by name or by any other symbol or abbreviation. The registrant will then be asked to supply personal information as well as certain security information including the registrant's driver's license or passport number. All registration information is kept strictly confidential and secure. Tarisio will use this information from time to time at its discretion to verify the identity and financial abilities of active bidders. After submitting the registration form, potential bidders will be emailed a randomly generated password. This password will enable bidders to place bids in the auction. To change bidder registration information click the edit registration button on the auction section of the Tarisio website.

Please note: Tarisio reserves the right to refuse the registration of any bidder at any time.

The bidding on all lots in this auction will begin on the day and time listed at the beginning of this catalog. The bidding period for each lot will continue for a predetermined number of days. Each lot has a separate ending time and date as listed in the printed and online catalogs. Ending times are staggered to accommodate bidders interested in multiple lots. All times are listed in Eastern Standard (EST) (GMT -05:00) or Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) as appropriate.

To place a bid, the bidder should find the online catalog page for the lot that he or she is interested in and click the "place a bid" button. By default, the amount of the bid will be the current bid plus the appropriate auction increment (see below). If there are no bids currently, the default amount is the opening bid. The bidder will then be prompted for his or her Bidder ID and password. After clicking "submit bid," the bidder will receive an email confirming the amount of his or her bid. If another bidder ever outbids this bid, the first bidder will receive an outbid notice by email.

Bidders are encouraged to place bids over Tarisio's website but those with no connection to the Internet may leave bids at the time of the viewings, place bids by fax, or leave bids by telephone. Fax and left bid forms are available at the viewings or by calling 1.800.814.4188. Faxed bids should be faxed to 1.212.202.4660. Telephone bids may be placed by calling 1.800.814.4188, 1.212.307.7224 or 1.617.262.1300

Please note: faxed, left, and telephone bids are handled as proxy bids (see below). Bidding by telephone in real time is not currently offered. This service is provided as a courtesy to bidders and although every effort will be made to execute bids timely and accurately, Tarisio will not be responsible for any error or failures to execute left bids. In the event that identical bids are left by two or more parties, Tarisio will honor the first bid received.

A proxy bid is similar to a left bid in a traditional auction and allows bidders extra flexibility in the bidding process. By placing a proxy bid, a bidder sets a maximum amount that he or she is willing to spend and enables the auction software to execute bids as necessary on his or her behalf. The auction software will place an initial bid (one increment above the current bid) and then wait. If a challenging bid is placed by another bidder, the auction software will automatically execute a bid on behalf of the original proxy bid (again, one increment above the current bid). The auction software attempts to place as few bids as possible and attempts to keep the bid amount as low as possible. Under no circumstances will the auction software exceed the amount of a proxy bid. Furthermore, a proxy bid is strictly confidential and is encrypted securely in the auction software.

To place a proxy bid, the bidder should find the online catalog page for the lot that he or she is interested in and select the "place proxy bid" button. After selecting a proxy bid amount, the bidder is asked to confirm his or her Bidder ID and password. The bidder will then receive an email confirming that a proxy bid has been placed. If the maximum amount of the proxy bid is ever exceeded, the bidder will be emailed an outbid notice. Please note: proxy bids may not be adjusted after they have been placed. Additionally, proxy bids may not be placed by a bidder who is the current high bidder on that lot.

Bidding will be conducted according to the following increments:

$0 to $250 by $10
$250 to $500 by $25
$500 to $1,000 by $50
$1,000 to $2,500 by $100
$2,500 to $5,000 by $250
$5,000 to $10,000 by $500
$10,000 to $25,000 by $1,000
$25,000 to $80,000 by $2,500
$80,000 to $200,000 by $5,000
$200,000 to $500,000 by $10,000
$500,000 and up by $20,000

Tarisio's website provides detailed and current bidding history for all lots. The bidding history details the time and date, Bidder ID, and amount of each bid.

As a convenience to bidders, Tarisio's software will provide automated reminder messages delivered to an email address. Reminders can be scheduled for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes and one hour prior to the closing time for a particular lot.

If there is active bidding within the last ten minutes of a particular lot's published ending time, this ending time will automatically extend for fifteen minutes. This is done as a courtesy to the recently out-bid bidder. The ending time for this lot will continue to extend indefinitely for as long as there is active bidding.

Because of the way Web pages work, the bidding information you see on your computer screen may at times be slightly out of date (at most 2 minutes). Tarisio's lot pages will automatically refresh every 2 minutes, however to make sure you are seeing the most accurate up-to-date bidding information you can click "refresh" or "reload" on your browser window to request the most up-to-date bidding information from our server.

When the reserve for a lot is exceeded, a highlighted message appears beneath the description of the lot reading "Reserve Met". If the reserve has not yet been met, the message will instead read "Reserve Not Met".

The high bidder at the closing time of each lot will be emailed a successful bid confirmation detailing the lot number, description and the final bid amount. Within 48 hours of the close of the sale, bidders will receive a preliminary invoice for the lot(s) they have successfully purchased. The invoice will include the buyer's premium and any applicable shipping fees and taxes based on the bidder's preferences as indicated at the time of registration.

Payment must be made within seven days of receiving Tarisio's invoice. Payment is accepted in any of the following: cash, check, cashier's check, wire transfer, and credit card. Personal checks must clear before purchased lots will be released. A service fee of 3% will apply to all credit card transactions.

After payment is received in full, purchased lots will be shipped by the means indicated on Tarisio's preliminary invoice. Customers picking up purchased lots may do so at Tarisio's New York location (1776 Broadway, Suite 2200). The following is a guide to rates charged by Tarisio for packing and shipping by UPS Ground within the continental United States regardless of destination.

1-8 bows $20
1 violin $40
1 viola/2 violins $50
3 violins $60
1 cello $65

Sale results for all lots will be posted on Tarisio's Web site after the completion of the sale. They can be found at our results page.